![]() ![]() HE disease course is usually self-limiting however, immunocompromised individuals can develop persistent chronic infections and are at risk for more serious hepatic complications. Resolution coincides with a typical immune response of IgM antibody production that precedes the appearance of more durable IgG antibodies. HEV infection typically follows a fairly routine clinical course, consisting of an incubation period of 2–6 weeks, followed by a few weeks of pronounced detectable viraemia in both serum and stool along with corresponding symptoms of hepatitis (abdominal pain, vomiting, hepatomegaly, jaundice, etc.). HEV virus is a small, non-enveloped, positive-template, single-stranded RNA virus, encased within an icosahedral capsid of between 27 and 34 nm in size. ![]() The disease-causing pathogen, hepatitis E virus (HEV), was subsequently confirmed through voluntary ingestion of infectious material by a Russian researcher, which was isolated and visualised from his own stool samples following his own course of illness. Initially, it was discovered through retrospective studies of cases of hepatitis in India. Hepatitis E (HE) is considered to be the most common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In the review, we summarise evidence for and notable cases of TT-HEV infections, the various aspects of HEV screening protocols and recent trends in the implementation of TT-HEV broad-based blood screening programmes. Because of the rising trend of HEV serological prevalence among the global population, and the fact that TT-HEV infection can cause serious clinical consequences among those patients most at need for blood donation, the need for screening for TT-HEV has been gaining in prominence as an important public health concern for both developing and developed countries. ![]() However, patients that are immunocompromised, especially transplant patients, are at much higher risk for developing chronic infections, which can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure, along with overall increased mortality. For most, HEV infection is acute, self-limiting and asymptomatic. While the majority of worldwide hepatitis E viral (HEV) infections that occur in people are from contaminated water or food sources, there has also been a steadily rising number of reported cases of transfusion-transmitted HEV (TT-HEV) in blood donation recipients. ![]()
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